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Modal Auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries help to express ability,possibility,permission and obligation. They do not change with the person or number of the subject.
Function
Can-
Can is used-
(1) to express ability.
-He can play the guitar
(2) to express or ask for permission
-You can turn in your assignment next week.
(3) to express possibility
-Such things can happen if you are not careful.
Could-
Could is used-
(1) to express ability in the past
- I could walk ten kilometer as a young man
(2) to express conditional ability
- I could dance better if I really tried.
(3) to seek help or permission.
- Could you lend me your pen for a minute?
May-
May is used-
(1) to express permission.
- May I come in?
(2) to express possibility.
- The new science teacher may come today
(3) to express a wish,hope or prayer.
- May you have a great year!
Might-
Might is used-
(1) to express possibility when the chances of the event happening are fewer or rare.
- I might go to Mumbai next month.
Shall-
Shall is used-
(1) with the first person (I and We) to express the simple future.
- I shall complete the project by the end of the week.
(2) with the second person (you) and third person (he/she/it) to express a promise or given a command.
- He shall get his money by tomorrow,I assure you.
(3) in question, offers or suggetions.
- You look tired. Shall I make you some hot vegetable soup?
Will-
Will is used-
(1) to express willingness with the first person,especially in its contracted form I'll
- I'll certainly do it for you.
(2) to express determination or a promise, especially with the first person,that is I and we.
-I will complete the work by tomorrow.
(3) to express a polite request in a question form.
- Will you join us for dinner?
(4) to express future time.
- Will you see me tomarrow?
Should-
Should is used-
(1) to express obligation.
- You should replace the defective laptops.
Would-
Should is used-
(1) to express a polite request.
- Would you mind helping me carry these books?
(2) to express a habitual action in the past.
- When Adit was a small child, he would eat all the vegetables;now,he's very busy.
(3) to express probability.
- That would be the milkman; he normally comes at this time.
Must-
Must is used-
(1) to express obligation.
- You must stand up when the national anthem is played.
(2) to express necessity.
- You must telephone your mother immediately.
(3) to express probability.
- The ground is slippery.It must have rained.
Ought to-
Ought to is used-
(1) to express the same feelings of obligation as must.
- We ought to leave soon or will miss the train.
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Modal Auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries help to express ability,possibility,permission and obligation. They do not change with the person or number of the subject.
Function
Can-
Can is used-
(1) to express ability.
-He can play the guitar
(2) to express or ask for permission
-You can turn in your assignment next week.
(3) to express possibility
-Such things can happen if you are not careful.
Could-
Could is used-
(1) to express ability in the past
- I could walk ten kilometer as a young man
(2) to express conditional ability
- I could dance better if I really tried.
(3) to seek help or permission.
- Could you lend me your pen for a minute?
May-
May is used-
(1) to express permission.
- May I come in?
(2) to express possibility.
- The new science teacher may come today
(3) to express a wish,hope or prayer.
- May you have a great year!
Might-
Might is used-
(1) to express possibility when the chances of the event happening are fewer or rare.
- I might go to Mumbai next month.
Shall-
Shall is used-
(1) with the first person (I and We) to express the simple future.
- I shall complete the project by the end of the week.
(2) with the second person (you) and third person (he/she/it) to express a promise or given a command.
- He shall get his money by tomorrow,I assure you.
(3) in question, offers or suggetions.
- You look tired. Shall I make you some hot vegetable soup?
Will-
Will is used-
(1) to express willingness with the first person,especially in its contracted form I'll
- I'll certainly do it for you.
(2) to express determination or a promise, especially with the first person,that is I and we.
-I will complete the work by tomorrow.
(3) to express a polite request in a question form.
- Will you join us for dinner?
(4) to express future time.
- Will you see me tomarrow?
Should-
Should is used-
(1) to express obligation.
- You should replace the defective laptops.
Would-
Should is used-
(1) to express a polite request.
- Would you mind helping me carry these books?
(2) to express a habitual action in the past.
- When Adit was a small child, he would eat all the vegetables;now,he's very busy.
(3) to express probability.
- That would be the milkman; he normally comes at this time.
Must-
Must is used-
(1) to express obligation.
- You must stand up when the national anthem is played.
(2) to express necessity.
- You must telephone your mother immediately.
(3) to express probability.
- The ground is slippery.It must have rained.
Ought to-
Ought to is used-
(1) to express the same feelings of obligation as must.
- We ought to leave soon or will miss the train.
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